整理/余冰玥 制图/周子祺（实习生） 张玉佳
明分使群
荀子把“能群”视作人与野兽的关键分野。他认为，若缺乏规矩，人顺着对外物的贪念去争夺，群体必乱。所以，在集体里得靠道义定出每个人的身份等级和对应的权责，把这当成相处底线，以此压住纷争，换来协作。
Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration
Group Collaboration is possible only when the individuals within it are clearly ranked and there is a social order. For Xunzi, the ability to "work together" is what distinguishes humans from animals. Without social restraints, humans will follow their innate desires and fight over things, causing disruption within the group. That is why there must be appropriate rules for people of different ranks, with clear rights and responsibilities to guide proper conduct, which will limit discord and build collaboration.
引例
离居不相待则穷，群而无分则争。穷者患也，争者祸也，救患除祸，则莫若明分使群矣。（《荀子·富国》）（离开群体独处而不相互依靠，则会穷困；居处在一起而没有分位差等，则会相互争夺。穷苦和争夺都是祸患，而要解救、免除祸患，没有什么比得上明确个人的职分差等以组成能够相互协作的群体。）
Living alone without group support leads to poverty; living together without appropriate ranking causes disputes. Poverty and disputes are all disastrous. The best way to solve these problems is to establish different ranks, which makes collaboration possible. (Xunzi)
来源：中国青年报
2026年07月27日 01版